Philosophers of Modern India
With the introduction of English Education in India, professional philosophers in India got in touch with European philosophical tradition. This led philosophers in India to understand and interpret many of the European philosophical debates in the light of ideas available in classical Indian philosophy resulting in the emergence of a cosmopolitan philosophy. Attempts have been made to digitize many of the works of these philosophers with the hope that new vistas would be opened up following the line of thinking of this genre of modern Indian philosophers.
Advaitavedante Pratikarmavyavastha অদ্বৈতবেদান্তে প্রতিকর্মব্যবস্থা
This book, written by Nirmal Kumar panigrahi, is a detailed analysis of a lesser-known aspect of Advaita Vedānta theory of knowledge. The question that the book deals with is: why does an individual have knowledge of one thing at one point in time and why doesn’t he/she have knowledge of all things all the time? This shows that there is a rule governing individuals having knowledge of things at different times. This is unknown as Pratikarmavyāvasthā. The author discusses the Advaita Vedānta analysis of this and presents the objections advanced by Naiyāyaika and Madhva philosophers. The author also relates this particular epistemological thesis with the metaphysical position of the Advaita Vedānta philosophers.
Ārya Śāstra Pradīpa (Volume-1) আর্যশাস্ত্রপ্রদীপ (১ম খন্ড)
The present book, written by Sivaramakinkar Yogatrayananda, offers his analysis of some of the key ideas of Indian philosophy in general. The topics that have been covered in the book include 1. The difference between ārya and anārya, 2. The importance of śāstra and its knowledge, 3. The nature of logic and 4. The nature of science and its classifications. The author also talks about the nature of the philosophy of mathematics.
Ārya Śāstra Pradīpa (Volume-2) আর্যশাস্ত্রপ্রদীপ (২য় খন্ড)
In the present book, the author analyzes the concept of science followed by a discussion on the nature and significance of spiritual science. Then the author analyzes the concept of philosophy, and its different kinds. The author ends this book with a discussion of the nature of Veda, its divisions and authority.
Bauddha Darśane Pratyakṣa
In this article, Anantakumar Bhattacharya, Nyāyatarkatīrtha, explains the Buddhist definition of perception. In the first half, the definition of perception as put forward by Diṅnāga has been explained. In the second half, The definition of perception as offered by Dharmakīrti has been explained and examined.
Bhārtīya Saṃskṛti o Anekānta Vedānta ভারতীয় সংস্কৃতি ও অনেকান্ত বেদান্ত
In this book Kalidas Bhattacharya, the author, defends what he calls ‘anekānta vedānta’. The author extracts some of the views accepted in general by all the schools of Vedānta. And then it has been shown how the Vedānta philosophy assimilates the apparently contrary views under one truth. And this facet of Vedānta has had a deep influence on the Indian outlook towards life and the world.
Hindu Ṣaḍa Darśan হিন্দু ষড়দর্শন
This book, written by Swami Pratyagātmananda Saraswatī, is an introduction to the major philosophical systems of classical India. In the Introduction, the author offers a conceptual introduction to the nature of Indian philosophy. In the second chapter, the author offers an analysis of the eligibility conditions of the different schools of Indian philosophy. The author devotes separate chapters on Saṇkhya-Yoga, Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika and Mīmāṃsā philosophies.
Japasutram (Volume-1)
This book, written by Pratyagatmananda Saraswati, is an original work written in Sanskrit and explained in Bengali, containing his views on different aspects of ancient Indian philosophy and religion. In this volume, one finds discussion on the nature of words, the nature of the origin of the creation etc.
Japasutram (Volume-3) জপসূত্রম (৩য় খন্ড)
This book, written by Pratyagatmananda Saraswati, is an original work written in Sanskrit and explained in Bengali, containing his views on different aspects of ancient Indian philosophy and religion. In this volume, one finds discussion on the significance of different incarnations, the significance of individual letters etc.
Kalidas Bhattacharya Racanasangraha (কালিদাস ভট্টাচার্য রচনাসংগ্রহ)
This is a collection of essays written by Kalidas Bhattacharyya and edited by Santwana Majumdar. In some of the essays, the author offers his explanation of the nature of man and his duty. There are essays that analyse the philosophies of some contemporary Indian thinkers. The book ends with presenting his views on the status of educational institutions in India.
Katipaya Darsanik Prabandha কতিপয় দার্শনিক প্রবন্ধ
The present book is a collection of essays authored by Rasviray Das. The book contains twenty-one chapters. One of the important themes discussed in this book is the nature of philosophy. Das dwells on the distinction between science and philosophy and the role of philosophy in society. The relation between philosophy and religion and other allied issues have been deliberated on. Das articulates his views on some of the key issues in metaphysics like the nature of space and time, the problem of evil, and proofs for the existence of god. The last chapter deals with the philosophy of K.C.Bhattacharyya.
Māndūkyopaniṣader Kathā মাণ্ডুক্যপানিষদের কথা
The present book, written by Kalidas Bhattacharya, offers an explanation of the main ideas alluded to in Māndukya Upaniṣad and in Māndukyakarika of Gauḍapada. The author starts with a brief description of the content of the Māndukya Upaniṣad. There are three main points that the author deliberates on: 1. The nature of Omkāra (Praṇava), 2. The nature of the dream state and dreamless sleep state and 3. The nature of Turiya state.
Nyāya Darśne Parāmarśa ন্যায় দর্শনে পরামর্শ
This book, written by Aruna Chakrabarti, offers an analysis of the role of parāmarśa in the generation of inferential knowledge. The book is divided into five chapters: 1. The nature and definition of parāmarśa, 2. Kinds of parāmarśa, 3. Parāmarśa as the cause or vyāpāra , 4. Parāmarśa as the cause of anumiti and 5. The relation between pakṣata and parāmarśa. Since Inference is a recognized source of knowledge for Nyāya, an analysis of parāmarśa as the cause of inferential knowledge forms an integral part of any discussion on Nyāya epistemology.
Nyāya Praveśa ন্যায়প্রবেশ
This book is an introduction to Nyāya philosophy. Amarendra Mohan Bhattacharya, the author of this book, presents his analysis in eight chapters: 1. Introduction, 2. Determining padārtha, 3. Determining dravya, 4. Determining guṇa, 5. Determining karma etc. 6. Determining abhāva, 7. Determining sixteen padārthas, 8. Determining other padārthas. This book is an attempt to present the fundamentals of Nyāya philosophy in the Bengali language.
Pāṇinidarśanam
The present book is an analysis of the chapter on Pāṇini’ s philosophy as found in the Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha of Mādhavāchārya. Chinmayi Chatterjee, the author of this book, offers a detailed analysis of Mādhavāchārya’s formulation of the central philosophy of Pāṇini, the grammarian. The book discusses the idea of sphoṭa as advocated by Panini as well as the criticisms of sphoṭa as advanced by different philosophers. The correlation between word and its meaning has also been taken up for discussion.
Pracin Bharater Dandaniti (প্রাচীন ভারতের দণ্ডনীতি)
The present book is a detailed exposition of the Science of Statecraft in classical India. There are ten chapters in the book. Some of the chapters deal with the Science of Statecraft as found in the two epics viz. Rāmāyṇa and Mahābhārata. Some chapters are devoted to the discussion of Statecraft as found in classical Sanskrit Literature.
Rupa, Rasa o Sundar: Nandantattver Bhumika
Rupa, Rasa and Sundar is a Bengali book written by D.P.Chattopadhyaya. In this work, the author presents his news on three major aspects of aesthetic appreciation, viz. rupa, rasa and Sundar. There are eight chapters that deal with various aspects of aesthetic understanding. This book is an introduction to Aesthetics as D.P.Chattopadhyaya understands it.
Vakyartha Nirupaner Darshanik Paddhati (Part-1) বাক্যার্থ নিরুপনের দার্শনিক পদ্ধতি (প্রথম ভাগ)
The present book, written by Jogendranath Bagchi, is a detailed explanation of the debate concerning the nature of understanding the meaning of a sentence, a debate that different classical Indian philosophers participated in. The book is divided into five chapters: 1. Abhihitānvayavāda and Anvitābhidhānavāda as advocated by the authors of Vedāntakalpalatīkā and Nyāyamañjari, 2. Abhihitānvayavāda and Anvitābhidhānavāda as advocated by Citsukhācharya, 3. Examination of Abhihitānvayavāda and Anvitābhidhānavāda by Udayana, the author of Kusumāñjali, 4. Determining the nature of Abhihitānvayavāda and Anvitābhidhānavāda by Gaṅgeśopādhyāya, the author of Tattvacintāmaṇi and 5. Kāryānvitaśaktivāda as the conclusion of the author of Tattvacintāmaṇi.
Vakyartha Nirupaner Darshanik Paddhati (Part-2) বাক্যার্থ নিরুপনের দার্শনিক পদ্ধতি (দ্বিতীয় ভাগ)
The present book is an explanation of some of the theories of understanding a sentence available in classical Indian philosophical traditions. There are five chapters in the book: 1. Explaining Kāryānvitāśaktivāda of the author of Tattvacintāmaṇi, 2. Refutation of Abhihitānvayavāda in Tattvacintāmaṇi, 3. Explaining the nature of Anvitābhidhānavāda from Bṛhati and Rijuvimala, 4. Explaining the essence of Abhihitānvayāda and Anvitābhidhānavāda from Advaitasiddhi and Laghuchandrika and 5. Explaining the nature of pravartaka jnana and pratibhā according to Bhartrhari.
Vedānta-Sūtram (Vloume-4) বেদান্তসূত্রম (৪র্থ খন্ড)
This volume is a detailed Bengali translation and explanation of the Vedānta Sūtras contained in the Fourth chapter (also known as Phaladhyāya) of the entire Vedānta Sūtras. The Bengali translation and explanation are done by Nrtyagopal Pancatirtha. This commentary explains the Vedanta Sūtras in accordance with the philosophical ideas advocated by Śrī Chaitanyadeva. In the first section, one finds a discussion on the nature of liberation and its different kinds. In the second section, one finds an explanation of how the liberated persons get free from the shackles of the body. The third section undertakes a discussion on the nature of Brahman that is to be attained. The fourth section explains the nature of the liberated person.
Vedānta-sūtram (Volume-2) বেদান্তসূত্রম (২য় খন্ড)
This volume is a detailed Bengali translation and explanation of the Vedanta Sutras contained in the second chapter of the entire Vedānta Sūtras. The Bengali translation and explanation is done by Nrtyagopal Pancatirtha. In this book, one gets a detailed explanation of the meaning of the Vedic sentences that appear to be conflicting with each other concluding that all the Vedic sentences aim at establishing Brahman as the ultimate reality. This is followed by an explanation and refutation of all the philosophical views that are contrary to the Vedic conclusion. The author defends the theory of Acintyabhedābheda as determining the relation between the ultimate reality and an individual self.
Vedānta-Sūtram (Volume-3) বেদান্তসূত্রম (৩য় খন্ড)
This volume is a detailed Bengali translation and explanation of the Vedānta Sūtras contained in the third chapter of the entire Vedānta Sūtras. The Bengali translation and explanation are done by Nrtyagopal Pancatirtha. In this book, one gets a detailed explanation of the futility of the mundane rituals and argues for the pañcagni vidyā as found in Chāndogya Upaniṣad. There is also discussion on how the self goes out of the physical body and enters a new body after rebirth. The second part undertakes a discussion on the nature of sādhanabhakti which is the way to attain liberation. In the third section, one gets an analysis of the nature of Śrī Hari which is the goal to reach. The fourth part presents an analysis of the nature and varieties of vidya, i.e. Haribhakti.
Yanja-katha যজ্ঞ- কথা
This book, written by Ramendra Sundar Trivedi, contains a detailed description of the significance of some of the sacrifices prescribed in the Vedas. The book is divided into five chapters: 1. Ahnyadhāna and Agnihotra, 2. Iṣtiyāga and Paśuyāga, 3. Soma-Yāga, 4. Christa-yāga and 5. Purisa-Yajna. A detailed description of the performance of these sacrifices and their purports has been explained in this book. The notion of sacrifice in Christianity has also been explained by the author.
With the introduction of English Education in India, professional philosophers in India got in touch with European philosophical tradition. This led philosophers in India to understand and interpret many of the European philosophical debates in the light of ideas available in classical Indian philosophy resulting in the emergence of a cosmopolitan philosophy. Attempts have been made to digitize many of the works of these philosophers with the hope that new vistas would be opened up following the line of thinking of this genre of modern Indian philosophers.